Free gingival graft procedures are treatments that aim to reconstruct gum tissue, restoring its role as a protector and supporter of the teeth. Grafting tissue, usually harvested from the palate of the patient, is used to restore inadequate gum tissue, replenishing the volume of the gum line. This reduces or eliminates discomfort and sensitivity while improving the health and appearance of the oral cavity and protecting the teeth and bone.
What Kind of Surgery is Used for Gum Grafts?
Periodontists perform free gingival grafts to restore gum tissue for a number of reasons, including as preparation for dental restorations or orthodontic treatments, and grafts may be one of several preparatory procedures included in your particular treatment plan. To begin the free gingival graft procedure, your periodontist will administer local anesthesia, numbing the oral tissues and teeth. In many cases, your periodontist may also offer you sedation dentistry options, like nitrous oxide or oral or intravenous sedation. You’ll discuss your anesthesia options as you plan your procedure, as each type of anesthesia requires different preparation and aftercare; for example, when you have intravenous sedation, you won’t be able to drive home, though you can safely do so after local anesthesia. Once you are anesthetized, your periodontist will cut a flap into your gums and meticulously clean the root of the tooth. Then, they will make a small incision in the roof of your mouth and harvest the graft tissue from the inner layer of the palate before dressing and suturing the palate so it can heal. In some cases, periodontists use donated oral tissue, so this harvesting step is skipped; again, you’ll know all about your specific procedure, including the source of the tissue used, before any surgery proceeds. The periodontist then places the free gingival graft in the area of recession, suturing the tissue into position; in many cases, self-dissolving stitches can be used, though some patients need to return to the office in about a week to have their stitches removed. When a patient needs a single gum graft, the treatment is expected to take about an hour, and the duration of the procedure increases when more gum grafts are needed.
Why Do People Get Gum Grafts?
People most often seek gum graft procedures because of gum recession due to gum disease, but this isn’t the only reason people’s gums recede. Some people genetically lack adequate gum tissue, while others find that their gums have receded due to improper, aggressive brushing; chronic smoking; diabetes; and hormonal fluctuation. If you’re concerned about sensitivity in your teeth, or if you notice that your gum line isn’t as vibrant as it used to be, ask your dentist if you might be a good candidate for gum grafts. Free gingival grafts may also be recommended before dental restorations and some orthodontic treatments, as dental crowns and orthodontic appliances can trigger inflammation in patients who don’t have sufficient gum tissue. Once these gum grafts are placed, they can continue to protect the teeth for a lifetime, and your own oral hygiene routine can help keep the gums supple and the teeth strong for decades of attractive, healthy smiles.