Why are My Gums Bleeding?
Nearly everyone has experienced bleeding gums at one point or another; sometimes explained, sometimes not, it’s one of those things in life that just happens sometimes. Usually, gums that start and stop bleeding quickly are nothing to worry about. There could be a small tear or laceration caused by any number of things that will be healed and resolved in no time. When bleeding from the gums is persistent, however, it is time to stop and take note; it could be a sign or symptom of something that requires attention.
Gum Disease and Bleeding Gums
The usual suspect when it comes to gums that bleed persistently is gum disease. Gum disease is an infection of the gums caused by bacteria lurking along the gum line on your teeth. Left too long on the surface of the teeth without being removed, either by regular brushing or biannual cleanings at the dentist’s office, plaque and tartar can start to release that bacteria into the gums themselves, where they quickly infect the gums and start to spread. Left untreated, the first from of gum disease known as gingivitis can then progress into a more advanced form of gum disease called periodontitis, a condition that can threaten the viability of your teeth as well as the continued health of your mouth and jaw.
Underlying Health Conditions that Can Cause Gums to Bleed
While gum disease is a common culprit, it is not the only condition that can cause gums that bleed. Sore, irritated gums can also be caused by brushing too hard, particularly with an inappropriately stiff-bristled toothbrush; by jamming dental floss directly up and down rather than wiggling it gently up the sides of each tooth, thereby causing micro-injuries; by surges of hormones during pregnancy (it’s amazing what a flood of hormones can do to the body!); and even by chronic conditions such as diabetes.
Those who use dental appliances such as dentures or retainers might also find that an improper fit can lead to rubbing that causes sore spots and bleeding, and certain medications can also cause changes that take place in the mouth.
Less commonly, low platelet counts, such as those caused by leukemia or thrombocytopenia, can cause increased likelihood of bleeding from the gums; so, too can hemophiliac disease. If you are living with either of these diseases and start noticing bleeding from your gums, you should notify your medical team so that they can assist in resolving the issue, if possible.
When to Call Your Dentist
Bleeding gums do not always mean that a serious disease is lurking just below the surface of your gums, and there is certainly no need to panic if you see a little blood in the sink one day while you are brushing your teeth. If the problem persists for more than a day or two, it is probably time for a quick check-up with your dentist. If you do have the beginnings of gingivitis, for example, you’ll be glad you went in – within 45 minutes or so, you should be able to walk out of the office on the road to recovery.